A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ACCENT VARIATION IMPLIED BY MADURESE SPEAKERS ACCROSS DIFFERENCE CITIES IN EAST JAVA ( PROBOLINGGO, BONDOWOSO, AND SUMENEP )

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter sets out background of the study, Problem of the study, objectives of the study, significance of the study, and definition of the key terms.

1.1  Background of the Study

The research of the linguistics has been conducted by many of the linguistics expert. Especially, in the accent .The are many the expert of the linguistics on the accent aspect, such as Larry R. Nelson Jr, Margaret L. Signorella, and Karin G. Botti, the accent according to Hughes et al. (2005), “accent includes only variations in pronunciation, however dialect refers to variations in grammar and vocabulary”. The accent according to Ben Goumbark Malika “is a way of pronouncing a language. It is therefore impossible to speak without an accent. Your accent results from how, where, and when you learned the language you are speaking and it gives impressions about you to other people” . and the accent according to Edward 1997 “ Accent defined as the manner of pronunciation that is particular to an individual or group of individuals is one of the most prominent linguistic cues used in forming social categories “

The accent is the symbol of the people how they speak with, to pronouncing they speak by their own unique accent, and the people capable fluctuated their fixed accent by their new life experience, and often the speakers fluctuate the accent without noticing (Gonbark). The people capable to distinguish the people where they are from, such as Madurese, Probolinggo and others. In this case, the focus on the way the people how pronouncing the word but is not where the people from in the different region. The accent as the prominent unique of the language that the people speak in their region but the people capable to differ the accent by the experience of themselves to clarify where the accent from. In other hand, the accent is documented that the accent the way to pronouncing the word the factor of emotional, and physical states in the different age and gender (Michael : 2007), this case also right the conditional and situation of people can be influence how the people pronounce the word they sepak with, such as : Madurese as the region which vicinity with the beach that speak more louder than others and stronger. The people who they grow up, job environment, cultural background, and education also as the factor of how the people show their uniqueness accent and the speakers be able to adated with where the people live in others region, (Michael : 2007). The attractiveness and how the speakers were to influence the listeners is one of one of factor the listener be able to imitate the accent from (Giles and Powesland (1975), its statement also truthly because the attractiveness of the speakers also capable to influence the people, let alone the people live in the minority region, it is easier to influenced. The others expert states that the accent is the way sound how you speak (Betty Birner  : 1924 ). The accent is able to clarified into two kind : Foreign Accent and Native accent ( Betty Birner ).

The variesties of the language which in used in the fixed region can be knownfull where the people lived is. Because, the same language undetermined will be the same of the accent appeared. One factor of the unique accents happened is the region.  The region is the significant factor of the varieties accent and the additional factor of the variesties accent is education, education as one of the crucial factor about it. Because, the educated people can be easily to imitated the accent in the region, let alone the region much of the people who always immigration from the others places. Specially the Madurese people it is about 80 percent who always immigrate to Javanese  to do business, education, and others and they communicate with their own language in the routine corversation, and after thay the most of them get married and legalized to lived in Javanese region. So, it is creat the varieties accent event.  this phenomena persuade many of the researcher to do the research. For example this previous research which untittle about “The accent which in used in the Pesisir Probolinggo “ by Fetrina Rahma Dewi on her journal Vol.9 No.1 Februari 2010, not only the researcher above but also there is the researcher who curios about the unique madurese avent, his name Abu Sofyan from the English Derpartment of University of Jember on his journal untittle “ The Phonological Madurese language “ and the last researcher who do the research about the Madurese language as the previous study is untittle “ the variesties of Madurese language in East Java “ by Sri Munawwaroh from the University of Indonesia Jakarta on her jounal. The explanation of her research just focus on the same and the differences of the dialect in used among the region, the object of her research are Sumenep, Pamekasan, Sampang, dan Bangkalan as the own the language born and Probolinggo, Situbondo, Banyuwangi, Jember, Lumajang, dan Bondowoso as six point of region which used Madurese language in east java.

            This study focus is on the Madurese Accent from Probolinggo, Bondowoso, and Sumenep. as the curious thing of the uniqueness of the Madurese accent in each cities is such as : been demma’ah ? this Mdurese accent from probolinggo which tend flat in accent, but be’na demmaah ? it is Madurese accent from the speakers in Bondowoso which emphasizing on the first word ( be’na ), and the other one is be’na demmaah ra ? it is the Madurese accent  from  Sumenep who speak emphasize on second word (demmah). The uniqueness on the accent in madurese language is miracle, so that why this study to find out the difference Madurese accent of Madurese speakers from Probolinggo, Bondowoso, and Sumenep.

1.2  Problem of the Study

The statement of the research is “ What are the differences of Madurese accent variation spoken by people from Sumenep, Bondowoso, and Probolinggo  ? “

1.3 Objective of the Study

            The objective of this study is to find out the differences of Madurese accent variation spoken by people from Probolinggo, Bondowoso, and Sumenep.

This study may encounter the uniqueness of Madurese accent, and the result could contribute to the development of research of accent variation of linguistics.

1.4  Scope and Limitation of the Study

This research focus is on Phonology and Sociolinguistics to do the research about accent variation of Madurese language, the accent is investigated through the conversation held by the participant of this study. This study imply phonology and sociolinguistic. Because, this research focus is on the differentiate of Madurese accent variation across difference cities in east java, specially from Probolinggo, Bondowoso, and Sumenep region.

This research focus is on the accent. Specially, Madurese accent variation which has the uniqueness and this study choose 3 region, those are Probolinggo, Bondowoso, and Sumenep region.

1.5 Significance of the Study

            This research is conducted to find out the differences madurese accent and the people be able to divide and clarify which the accent in used by madurese speakers implied by Sumenep, Bondowoso, and Probolinggo speakers. So, the people can be judge where the people who from Sumenep, Bondowoso, and Probolinggo city according to their own unique accent in used in their spoken.

1.6 Definition of Key Term  

            The following of the definition about the accent of the linguistics expert:

1.      The accent is  includes only variations in pronunciation, however dialect refers to variations in grammar and vocabulary ( Hughes et al. (2005).

2.      The accent is a way of pronouncing a language. It is therefore impossible to speak without an accent. Your accent results from how, where, and when you learned the language you are speaking and it gives impressions about you to other people ( Ben Goumbark Malika ).

3.      Accent defined as the manner of pronunciation that is particular to an individual or group of individuals is one of the most prominent linguistic cues used in forming social categories (Edwards, 1997).

4.      Accent is as the how the word you speak ( Betty banner : 1924 )